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Animals & plants

ox

Source:*volъProto-Slaviccertain

Once the final yer fell, the o was in a closed syllable: Ukrainian made it і, Polish ó, Czech ů, and BCS dropped the final l altogether.

English

ox

Polish

wół
vuw
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In all five languages

BCS script
  • Russian
    волvol
    volinherited
  • Ukrainian
    вілvil
    ʋʲilinherited
  • Polish
    wół
    vuwinherited
  • Czech
    vůl
    vuːlinherited

    Also a mild insult, 'idiot'.

  • Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian
    voво
    voinherited

    The l comes back in the other cases: vola, volovi.

  • English
    ox

Sound laws at work